yes,there are many disabilities that directly affect thinking,such as autism,aspergers,learning disabilities, mental illnesses, neurological conditions etc.
but also,when we are faced with so many disability 'barriers' in our lives,bad experiences with school, support,or anything else disability related,these can influence how we think about life,stuff and others.
we can gain more determination through our experiences,and whilst for some of us it can give us a very positive outlook and a different understanding on life, for others it can strip away at their self esteem,and all they see is how bad and rubbish everything is.
every single person is influenced by their experiences in life,so it is natural for anything such as disability to have a affect on them,directly or indirectly.